Arch Linux
Arch Fun: From Installing the System to Useful Programs
Arch Linux is an independently developed x86-64
GNU/Linux distribution designed for general purposes. It aims to provide the latest stable versions of most software, adhering to a rolling release model. Arch is installed as a minimal base system and is configured by the user to meet their specific needs, allowing the creation of a unique environment by installing only the necessary components.
Essentially, it’s a blank slate, running on the Linux kernel and equipped with a basic set of commands. It ships without a GUI (Graphical User Interface).
To put it simply: Arch is for gentlemen, while Ubuntu is for the mainstream crowd who want everything handed to them on a silver platter.
This guide will be updated and expanded over time — stay tuned!
Preparation of Installation Image
Note
We want to emphasize that Linux systems can be installed almost anywhere: on a desktop, a laptop, a USB drive, or even a phone (if the distribution supports it). The installation process is roughly the same, but there are differences that need to be understood. For example, when installing Arch Linux as a second system, you'll need to manually configure efibootmgr. Additionally, there are differences in setting up dual boot on a machine with BIOS versus UEFI.
That's why guides will repeat certain steps to avoid creating confusion with too many "If you have BIOS, do this…" and "If you have UEFI, do that…" instructions scattered throughout.
What You’ll Need to Begin Installation:
- A USB flash drive
- The system’s ISO file
- A program to write the ISO image
- A machine where Arch will be installed
The installation will be done as the primary operating system.
Let's create the installer on a USB drive.
First, download the system image from the official Arch Linux website using the method that works best for you. We recommend using a Torrent client.
There are several programs that can help with this process, such as:
- Rufus
- Balena Etcher
- UltraISO (Yes, really…)
In our case, we'll use Rufus. After downloading the image, open Rufus.
- Device: Select your *USB flash drive.
- Boot selection: Choose "Disk or ISO image" and specify the path to the Arch Linux ISO file.
- Partition scheme: Select MBR.
- File system: Choose FAT32.
- Cluster size: Leave it as default.
Important
All files on the USB drive will be erased!
- Click Start. In the pop-up window, select the option that mentions the ISO.
After the process is complete, connect the USB flash drive to the machine where you want to install the system.
Enter the BIOS of the machine and disable Secure Boot (you can enable it again after the installation is complete).
Now, we can boot from the USB. When the machine boots from the USB, you'll see a menu. Select the first option Arch Linux install medium, and wait for the system to load.
Installation with dual-boot
1. Network settings
Setting Up a Wireless Network
If you are connected via a wired connection, simply check if it works using the following command:
ping archlinux.org
If you get a response, everything is fine. If not, it means the required service didn't start. Try restarting the machine or re-creating the installation image. We will use the iwctl utility.
Execute the command:
iwctl
Then enter the following commands:
- List available wireless devices:
device list
Identify the name of your wireless device (e.g., wlan0).
-
Scan for available networks:
station
scan -
View the list of available networks:
station
get-networks -
Connect to a Wi-Fi network:
station
connect
After this command, you will need to enter the password if the network is secured.
- Check the connection status:
station
show
Ensure the network is connected.
ping archlinux.org
2. Disk Partitioning
There are two utilities for disk partitioning:
- fdisk
- cfdisk
In my opinion, cfdisk
is simpler to use and more user-friendly for inexperienced users. We will use it.
First, let's determine the name of our disk.
Important
It is recommended to disconnect any unnecessary disks to avoid confusion and the accidental loss of data due to inexperience.
Use the following command to determine the name of your disk:
lsblk
This will output a list of connected disks.
Note
That the disk must be in GPT format. If the disk is new, when launching cfdisk, we will be prompted to choose a format for the disk. Select GPT.
Run the following command:
cfdisk /dev/sda
After launching cfdisk, you will see a menu for creating partitions. Navigation is done using the arrow keys (Up and Down to select a partition, Left and Right to choose a button for execution). The Enter key is used for confirmation. At the bottom, you will see buttons such as New, Quit, etc. Free space will be highlighted in green.
- Press
New
. - Enter the amount of memory you need (make sure to specify the unit: G for gigabytes, M for megabytes).
- Press Enter .
- Next, select
Type
for the partition.
We need to create three partitions:
Partition | Size | Type |
---|---|---|
boot | 700M | Efi-system |
swap | 8G | linux swap |
root | Remaining space | linux filesystem |
Important
SWAP is the swap partition; it is recommended to include it if your machine has less than 8 GB of RAM.
After creating all partitions and selecting their Type
, press Write
and type YES
to confirm. Quit.
Now, let's format and mount the partitions.
Important
We are using a disk named sda
with partitions sda1
, sda2
, sda3
. These names may be different, up to nvme0n1
with partitions nvme0n1p1
, nvme0n1p2
, and so on.
EFI System:
mkfs.fat -F32 /dev/sda1
Swap:
mkswap /dev/sda2
swapon /dev/sda2
Linux filesystem:
mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda3
Once everything is formatted, it's time to mount it.
EFI:
mkdir /mnt/boot
mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot
Linux filesystem:
mount /dev/sda3 /mnt
Check lsblk
3. Installing
Okay, we’re done with partitioning the disk. Now, let’s proceed with installing Arch with all the components.
Enter and wait:
archinstall
We will be greeted with the following menu.
Let's go step by step through the process of installing Arch Linux using the installer:
Locale
Here, you can add the language to be used in the system.
- Select Locale language and search for the desired language. I choose
ru_RU
.
Note
To quickly search, you can press ? and type the language you need, such as en or ru.
Disk configuration
- Select
Partitioning
.
- Choose
Pre-mounted configuration
.
- Type
/mnt
.
- Press Enter.
Bootloader
- Select
GRUB
Hostname
Name is used as the computer’s network name.
- Enter the name for your system (you can leave it as archlinux).
Root password
Set a password for the root user.
- Enter the password and confirm it.
User account
Add a new user account.
- Enter a username.
- Enter a password for the user.
You will be prompted to confirm the addition of superuser privileges (sudo).
- Select
Yes
to confirm.
Profile
Choose a GUI for your Arch installation.
- Press
Type
.
- Select
Desktop
.
- Choose
KDE plasma
.
Choose a desktop environment that suits you. For beginners, it is recommended to choose KDE Plasma.
You will be redirected to the next menu.
Choose the appropriate Graphics driver based on your system configuration:
AMD/ATI
for AMD graphics cards.
Intel
for integrated graphics in Intel processors.
Nvidia (open-source/kernel, proprietary)
for Nvidia graphics cards.
VMware/VirtualBox
for virtual machines.
Recommendation
In the case of Nvidia, it’s recommended to research the difference between open-source/kernel and proprietary drivers and choose the one that suits you best.
After selecting the driver, return to the main menu.
Network configuration
- Choose
Use NetworkManager
Additional packages
Add additional programs that you might find useful.
For now, let’s add:
nano
Note
You can also add additional software like neofetch, firefox, htop, etc., but you can always add them later after the installation.
Timezone
Choose your time zone.
Note
For quick search, press ? and type your desired time zone.
Installing Arch
After the pre-installation setup, select Install
.
Then select Yes
and wait for the installation to complete.
Once the installation is complete. After the installation is complete, we are prompted to continue the setup in chroot. Select Yes
.
4. GRUB configuration
Now, let's set up dual-boot.
Enter the following command:
pacman -Sy efibootmgr dosfstools mtools
You will be asked if you want to continue the installation. Press Enter to proceed.
Next, enter the following command:
grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot --bootloader-id=GRUB
If the installation is successful, you will see:
Installation finished. No error reported.
Now, generate the GRUB configuration file with:
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
Reboot the system:
Reboot
After booting into the system, open the terminal (in KDE, the pre-installed terminal is Konsole).
We need to uncomment one line and modify another in GRUB’s configuration settings.
Open the GRUB configuration file:
nano /etc/default/grub
At the top, you will see the parameter GRUB_TIMEOUT. This controls the time (in seconds) GRUB waits before booting the default OS. You can leave it as is or set a custom value, for example:
GRUB_TIMEOUT=10
Scroll down to the bottom and find the line:
#GRUB_DISABLE_OS_PROBER=false
Uncomment it by removing the # at the beginning:
GRUB_DISABLE_OS_PROBER=false
Save the changes:
- Press CTRL+O to save.
- Press Enter to confirm.
- Press CTRL+X to exit.
Well done, bro. You install Arch linux on your PC.